Hire the Top 3% of 自由PHP开发人员

PHP Web开发人员的需求继续像互联网一样快速增长

Nearly a fifth of professional developers surveyed in 2023 used PHP, placing it among the top 10 programming languages. And PHP programmers are prolific: Statistically, 近80%的网站 使用基于php的后端，在很大程度上由 巨大的受欢迎程度 of private installations of WordPress—whose core and customizations are written using PHP.

Demand for PHP developers for hire remains steady as the language continues to evolve: Codebases using PHP need to be maintained in order to work with currently supported and secure PHP versions. 有这么大的子市场, 公司很难吸引到顶尖的开发者, 而更难以有效地评估大量的候选人. 本指南将帮助你做到这两点, 通过概述需要注意的子技能, 面试中要问的问题, and points to cover in a winning job description.

是什么属性将优秀的PHP开发者与其他开发者区分开来?

Before exploring distinguishing attributes, it helps to first answer the question, “PHP开发人员是做什么的??PHP开发人员的职责包括编写, testing, 并维护服务器端web应用程序的源代码. 这些应用程序既可以使用纯PHP开发，也可以利用各种PHP框架开发, like Laravel, Symfony, and CodeIgniter or content management systems (CMS), like WordPress, Drupal, and Joomla.

Deep skills with a particular PHP framework allow a programmer to multiply their productivity by avoiding the reinvention of the wheel. 但是熟悉多个框架可以让PHP专家 做出更明智的选择 就绿地项目而言.

最好的PHP程序员确保应用程序的性能和安全性， avoid mistakes，并编写遵循深思熟虑的软件开发原则的代码. They will have experience with common back-end tasks like connecting to databases and be capable of handling basic DevOps responsibilities like creating and configuring environments. 他们还将知道如何满足谨慎级别的安全标准，以避免不必要的业务风险.

确保你的潜在雇员能写出高质量代码的因素

上述的一些方面可以根据候选人的履历和后续讨论来评估. However, 许多公司选择直接评估编程能力, 要么是现场编程面试，要么是带回家的评估.

这两种策略都增加了谈判双方的时间要求, although companies can outsource these evaluations, 特别是现场编程面试. But without some kind of code quality evaluation, 公司不能自己判断应聘者一旦被录用后所能写出的PHP代码的质量. One alternative for candidates who happen to be open-source contributors is for companies to directly evaluate their code contributions, 但要用这种策略产生一致的参数要困难得多.

The consequences of missing this step may involve additional training expenses or a lost onboarding investment—assuming a company has a functioning quality assurance system that would catch newcomers’ mistakes before they did any serious harm to the product.

How can you identify the ideal PHP Developer for you?

Hiring managers who understand the most common types of PHP projects are better positioned to spot appropriate candidates and match them to their business needs. Whether it’s within the scope of customizing a CMS system or other type of website, PHP experts are most commonly sought to:

• 建立一个动态站点或添加动态组件，如356平台, search, user registration, authentication, a shopping cart, and more.
• Integrate an existing site with other systems such as third-party payment processing APIs.
• Troubleshoot and optimize poorly performing websites.
• 实现多因素身份验证(MFA)等高级安全机制, 彻底的输入物卫生处理, 安全会话管理, and industry-standard encryption protocols.
• Assess code for adherence to industry standards, proper structure, and security requirements.
• Test code across browsers, devices, and operating systems to ensure seamless functionality.
• 针对不同的平台优化代码，以提供一致的用户体验.

A preexisting project built upon a PHP framework or platform like WordPress could leverage the skills of a PHP specialist. In particular, experience with Symfony and Laravel are helpful because Symfony is the basis for other popular PHP-based technologies like Drupal, while Laravel has established itself as a fundamental framework for numerous existing products. In addition, Laravel is excellent for rapid prototyping, 而Symfony为长期可伸缩性提供了更稳定的基础. But each PHP-based system has its nuances, 所以，如果你想让应聘者立即投入工作，就有必要了解他们的具体经验水平.

超越框架和平台, there are several related technologies that are strongly relevant when examining the experience of PHP developers for hire:

额外的补充 PHP开发人员技能

• HTML, CSS, and JavaScript 在许多方面，PHP的主要输出机制是生成HTML. Often, passing data via JSON to the JavaScript running on a page will be a useful skill even for a PHP specialist focused only on an app’s back end, 但是一个全栈PHP程序员真的需要知道CSS和JavaScript来完成他们的前端技能.
• Relational (SQL) databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL -虽然不是后端存储数据的唯一方法, SQL is a well-established standard and still wholly appropriate for a litany of use cases. 除非你的技术栈特别使用像MongoDB这样的NoSQL数据库, 在雇佣PHP专家时，强大的SQL技能是必须的. 如果他们的经验与您的项目使用的特定数据库一致，这将特别有帮助.
• REST APIs and web servers – Your project may not implement its own REST API—perhaps using a GraphQL-based API instead—but chances are your project’s back end will eventually need to integrate with a third-party REST API. To that end, it’s worth hiring a PHP engineer who knows a few tricks about optimizing async calls to REST APIs and handling their errors appropriately.
• 面向对象编程 (OOP) and 模型-视图-控制器 (MVC) architecture -这些广泛使用的编码方法使代码更具可读性、模块化和可维护性. PHP developers not well-versed in them may take longer to familiarize themselves with your project’s codebase and may struggle to create code others can collaborate on efficiently, lowering your ROI. This is crucial not only on large-scale projects, 但也适用于较小的项目，因为只有当它们具有内聚的体系结构方法时，它们才能实质性地发展.
• Unit testing 即使是最基本的软件也能从这种自动化测试技术中获益. 拥有一套单元测试意味着可以指望特定的代码模块继续正常工作, even when seemingly unrelated code is changed. 坚持使用认真对待单元测试的PHP专家:没有它, 开发者很容易在恶性循环中浪费时间, 修复一个紧急的bug，导致另一个bug重新出现.

补充PHP开发人员技能

When employing skilled PHP developers, 重要的是，他们拥有技术技能和软技能的正确组合. The latter are important because PHP experts usually work on complex core system features where the interaction with other team members is essential. Furthermore, 组织技能——包括熟练使用必不可少的协作和源代码控制工具，如 Git-对于任何PHP开发角色都应该被认为是给定的.

如何为您的项目编写PHP开发人员职位描述

Before looking to hire PHP developers, it is best to define the scope of your project. Writing down the specifics of your project will provide clarity on the skills gap you face, the gaps you anticipate down the road, 是专注于雇佣一名全职员工，还是选择一名灵活的自由职业者.

After defining your project and any skills gap, you next task is to create a job post. It’s helpful to use a template for this, 包括你公司最相关和最吸引人的细节, team, and project.

PHP开发人员面试中最重要的问题是什么?

When interviewing PHP engineers, open-ended questions can be used to spark further discussion:

• What PHP frameworks have you worked with, and what has your experience with each been like?
• 你能举一个你最近参与的让你感到自豪的PHP项目的例子吗?
• 如何使用PHP模板引擎创建动态内容? 您使用过哪些模板引擎，更喜欢哪些，为什么?
• 如何使用PHP与数据库交互以检索数据?

But quiz-style问题 也可以揭示:

的区别是什么 isset and empty functions in PHP?

The isset function is used to determine if a variable exists and has a non-null value, returning true in that case. In contrast, the empty 函数检查变量是否为空，返回 true 如果变量为空(i.e., not set, false, 0, an empty string, an empty array, or null). While isset checks for existence and a non-null value, empty 特别关注空，包括空值.

如何防止PHP中的SQL注入漏洞?

使用预处理语句或参数化查询来防止SQL注入漏洞. 预处理语句将SQL代码与用户输入分开, 消除了注入恶意代码的可能性. 通过将输入值绑定到SQL语句中的占位符, the database engine can distinguish between the actual SQL code and user-supplied data, 有效防止任何未经授权的SQL操作.

如何处理PHP中的错误?

在PHP中，可以使用错误处理机制来处理错误和异常. 一种常见的方法是使用try-catch块捕获异常并优雅地处理错误. 通过将可能生成异常或错误的代码包装在try块中, you can catch the specific exception or error type and provide appropriate error handling or recovery logic in the corresponding catch blocks.

两者的区别是什么 include and require in PHP?

Both include and require are used to include and evaluate external PHP files. 它们之间的主要区别在于它们如何处理错误. The include 语句包含一个文件，并继续执行脚本，即使没有找到该文件或未包含该文件, 导致警告. In contrast, the require 语句包含一个文件，如果没有找到该文件或未能包含该文件，则使用致命错误停止脚本执行. In situations where the included file is essential for the script’s functionality, require 通常更倾向于确保脚本在没有它的情况下不会继续.

PHP如何处理会话? 解释在PHP中初始化和使用会话的过程.

PHP provides built-in support for handling sessions, 哪一个允许开发人员跨同一用户的多个请求持久化数据. 初始化和使用会话的过程包括以下步骤:

1. 会话初始化——要在PHP中启动一个会话，开发人员需要调用 session_start function. 该函数创建一个唯一的会话ID，并在服务器上初始化一个会话文件来存储会话数据.
2. 存储和检索会话数据-在启动会话之后, data can be read and written using the $_SESSION superglobal array. 例如，开发人员可以像这样设置会话变量 $_SESSION['username'] = 'John'; 来存储用户名.
3. Using Session Data – Throughout the user’s session, 开发人员可以通过引用相应的会话变量来访问存储的会话数据. 例如，它们可以通过回显显示用户名 $ _SESSION(“用户名”);.
4. Session Destruction – When the session is no longer needed or when the user logs out, 开发人员可以调用 session_destroy. 这将清除服务器上的所有会话数据并删除会话文件.

Understanding how sessions work in PHP is essential for managing user authentication, 个性化的输出, and maintaining state across multiple requests.

为什么公司要雇佣PHP开发人员?

PHP在后端web项目中的持续主导地位使其生态系统蓬勃发展. 因为PHP及其流行的框架不太可能很快消亡, 聘请PHP专家来维护现有的PHP代码库通常具有良好的商业意义.

公司也继续为新项目雇佣PHP开发人员. 选择像WordPress这样的PHP技术可以提高生产力，并带来无穷无尽的开发人员资源, Drupal, Laravel, or Symfony are advantages that are hard to ignore. 这不仅增加了PHP程序员的数量, 但如果你的项目时间紧迫，这也会让你的专门化值得关注.

For any use case, 至少有一个基于PHP的框架或平台可以帮助PHP专家加速您的项目. Now that you know which secondary skills to seek, you’re in a much better position to match PHP engineer candidates to your business needs.

本文介绍的技术内容由 Florin Cabuz.